W1-02 Galilean Transformation (GT) #Relativity #BSc #IITJAM

This lecture introduces the concept of inertial frames and the Galilean transformation, which relates coordinates and time between two inertial frames moving at constant relative velocity. The instructor begins by reviewing Newton’s first law and defining inertial frames. He then explains that any frame moving uniformly with respect to an inertial frame is also inertial. The lecture sets up a standard configuration with two frames S and S’ with parallel axes, where S’ moves with velocity v along the positive x-axis. The origins coincide at t=t’=0. The instructor derives the transformation equations: x’ = x - vt, y’ = y, z’ = z, t’ = t, assuming absolute time. He emphasizes that these equations apply to everyday velocities much less than the speed of light. The lecture concludes by noting that these transformations will be modified for high velocities in special relativity.