Genetics: L2-F, Meiotic Anaphase I Through Telophase II (Recommend 1.5x speed)

This educational video from a genetics course explains the stages of meiosis from anaphase I through telophase II. The instructor begins by describing anaphase I, where homologous chromosomes separate due to microtubule shortening and chiasmata resolution, while sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere. Telophase I follows, with chromosomes arriving at poles, nuclear membrane formation, and cytokinesis in most animals and plants. The video then covers meiosis II, starting with prophase II where chromosomes recondense if needed, metaphase II where dyads align on the metaphase plate, anaphase II where centromeric cohesion is degraded and sister chromatids separate as monads, and finally telophase II with nuclear membrane reformation and cytokinesis. The instructor clarifies terminology: dyads (chromosomes with two sister chromatids) and monads (individual chromatids). A comparison shows that starting with a cell of four chromosomes (two sets), meiosis produces four haploid cells each with two chromosomes (one set). The video emphasizes that chromosome number is counted by centromeres and that meiosis successfully reduces chromosome sets by half.