Where does the world’s electricity come from?

This podcast episode from the International Energy Agency (IEA) explores the current global electricity supply mix and its future evolution. The host Dan Hwitt interviews IEA Electricity Analyst Eren Çam. They begin by explaining how electricity is generated, from traditional thermal power plants to modern renewable sources like solar PV. The discussion highlights that electricity accounts for about 20% of global energy consumption, with the rest coming from direct fuel use. As of 2024, coal is the largest source of electricity at 35%, followed by renewables at 32%, gas at 22%, and other non-renewables at 3%. The episode examines why coal has historically dominated, citing its abundance, energy density, and existing infrastructure. Regional differences are noted, with declines in the US and Europe offset by increases in China and India. The conversation then covers the rapid growth of renewables, particularly solar PV, which is expected to surpass coal by 2025-2026. Cost comparisons using levelized cost of electricity show solar and wind have become cheaper than conventional sources. The challenge of variability is addressed through flexible assets, storage, and demand response. Nuclear power currently provides 9% of global electricity, with a record high expected in 2025. Roadblocks to electrification include high capital costs, regulatory barriers, grid congestion, and supply chain bottlenecks. The episode concludes with optimism that low-emission sources and improved flexibility can meet rising electricity demand.